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Push-in terminal
Terminal for the tool-free connection of wiresThe redundancy connection in an R system is the PROFINET ring with MRP. The
redundancy connection uses part of the bandwidth on the PROFINET cable for the
synchronization of the CPUs. This bandwidth is therefore not available for PROFINET IO
communication.
Unlike in R, the PROFINET ring and redundancy connections in H are
separate. The two redundancy connections are fiber-optic cables that connect the CPUs
directly over synchronization modules. The bandwidth on the PROFINET cable is available
for PROFINET IO communicationThe load memory of both CPUs contains the project data of one as well as the other CPU.
By assigning the redundancy IDs, you define which project data a CPU uses for itself.
Redundant systems
Redundant systems have multiple (redundant) instances of key automation components.
Process control is maintained if a redundant component fails.
Reference potential
Potential from which the voltages of the circuits involved are observed and/or measured.
Restart
A warm restart deletes all non-retentive bit memory and resets non-retentive DB contents to
the initial values from load memory. Retentive bit memory and retentive DB contents are
retained. Program execution begins at the call of the first startup OB. A restart is triggered
with CPU POWER OFF/POWER ON.
Retentivity
A memory area whose content is retained after power failure and after a STOP to RUN
transition is retentive. The non-retentive area bit memory area, timers and counters are reset
after a power failure and after a STOP to RUN transition. The non-retentive content of data
blocks is reset to the initial values.
Row
All the modules attached to a mounting rail.
Runtime error
Error that occurs during execution of the user program in the automation system (thus not in
the process)SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) is the standardized protocol for performing
diagnostics on and assigning parameters to the Ethernet network infrastructure.
In the office setting and in automation engineering, devices from a wide range of vendors on
the Ethernet support SNMP.

A switch thus has the task of regenerating and distributing received signals. The switch
"learns" the MAC addresses of a connected PROFINET device or additional switches. The
switch only forwards those signals that are intended for the connected PROFINET device or
switch.
A switch has a specific number of connections (ports). You connect at most one PROFINET
device or additional switch to each port.
Synchronization module
You use the synchronization modules to create the redundancy connections between the
CPUs of the redundant H system. You need two synchronization modules per CPU
that you connect in pairs with fiber-optic cables.
System power supply
Consists of the integrated system power supply of the CPU/interface module and additional
power supplies (PS), if necessary. The system power supply powers the CPU and the I/O
modules via the backplane bus.The system states of the R/H redundant system result from the operating states of
the primary and backup CPU. The term system state is used as a simplified expression that
refers to the operating states that occur simultaneously on both CPUs. The R/H
redundant system has the system states STOP, STARTUP, RUN-Solo, SYNCUP and RUNRedundant.

System IP address
In addition to the device IP addresses of the CPUs, the redundant system R/H
supports system IP addresses:
● System IP address for the X1 PROFINET interfaces of the two CPUs (system IP address
X1)
● System IP address for the X2 PROFINET interfaces of the two CPUs (system IP address
X2)
You use the system IP addresses for communication with other devices (for example, HMI
devices, CPUs, PG/PC). The devices always communicate over the system IP address with
the primary CPU of the redundant system. This ensures that the communication partner can
communicate with the new primary CPU (previously backup CPU) in the RUN-Solo system
state after failure of the original primary CPU in redundant operation.
TIA Portal
Totally Integrated Automation Portal
The TIA Portal is the key to the full performance capability of Totally Integrated Automation.
The software optimizes operating, machine and process sequences.
Time-delay interrupt
You will find further information in the glossary entry "Interrupt, time-delay".
Time-of-day interrupt
You will find further information in the glossary entry "Interrupt, time-of-day".
Timer
Timers are components of the system memory of the CPU. The operating system
automatically updates the content of the "timer cells" asynchronously to the user program.
STEP 7 instructions define the precise function of the timer cell (for example on-delay) and
trigger its execution.
Update interrupt
You will find further information in the glossary entry "Interrupt, updateIn SIMATIC, a distinction is made between user programs and the firmware of the CPU.
The user program contains all instructions, declarations and data that control a system or
process. The user program is assigned to the redundant system. Structuring into smaller unit